Overview
Quiet Time in Microsoft Teams is a mobile app feature that lets you mute notifications during specific hours or days.
If you are interested in completely disabling call notifications on your cell phone, see: Article - Disable Call Notifications ...
Steps
1. Inside of the Teams Mobile App, tap your profile picture in the top left corner.
2. Tap Settings.

3. Tap Notifications.

4. Tap Block during quiet hours.

5. From here, you can choose the times and days you do not want to be notified by Teams.

In the example above, notifications are silenced from 4:30 PM - 8:00 AM on Monday-Friday, and all day on Saturday and Sunday.